Ever forget where you put your phone? Or struggle to remember the name of a classmate you just saw? While these are common experiences, they can also be early signs of Alzheimer’s disease, a condition that affects memory and thinking.
For a long time, scientists believed Alzheimer’s was caused by a mix of factors, like genes, lifestyle, and environment. But a recent discovery has shed new light on this mysterious disease!
Let’s see here the new factors discovered for the cause of Alzheimer’s.
Meanwhile, you can also read: Comprehensive Guide to Obesity Prevention Strategies for Children
What is Alzheimer’s?
Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurological condition that affects memory, thinking, and behavior. It is the most common form of dementia, accounting for 60-80% of cases. Symptoms can include difficulty remembering recent events, misplacing items, and trouble finding the right words, among others.
The APOE4 Gene: A Culprit in Memory Loss
Imagine your genes like instruction manuals for building your body. One particular gene called APOE comes in three versions: E2, E3, and E4. The E3 version is like the “normal” instruction manual, while E2 and E4 are slightly different.
Scientists have known for a while that the E4 version is a risk factor for Alzheimer’s, meaning it increases your chances of getting the disease. But a recent breakthrough revealed something even more surprising!
If you still doubt, remember this about APOE4 and Alzheimer’s:
- APOE4 is the most prevalent genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease.
- Individuals with two copies of the APOE4 gene (homozygosity) are at a significantly increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s.
- APOE4 homozygosity accounts for up to 20% of Alzheimer’s cases.
- This genetic variant is associated with increased amyloid deposition and dysfunction in the medial temporal lobe, hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease pathology.
APOE4 and Early Onset Alzheimer’s
So, here’s the twist: if you inherit two copies of the E4 gene, one from each parent, you’re at a much higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. This double dose of E4 is like having two faulty instruction manuals, significantly raising your chances of memory problems.
This discovery suggests that in some cases, Alzheimer’s isn’t just a combination of factors – it can actually be caused directly by a specific gene variation!
This finding is a major break through for Alzheimer’s research. Now, there can focus on developing treatments specifically for people with the double E4 gene.
The Wrap
It’s important to remember that the E4 gene isn’t the only player in the Alzheimer’s cause. Other genes and even lifestyle choices can still influence your risk.
Some researchers argue that regardless of the cause, Alzheimer’s ultimately affects the brain in similar ways. This means that treatments that work for one type of Alzheimer’s might still benefit others.
